Exercise: Strings

Questions for: Strings

What will be the output of the program ? 
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

int main()
{
    printf("%d\n", strlen("123456"));
    return 0;
}
A:
6
B:
12
C:
7
D:
2
Answer: A

The function strlen returns the number of characters in the given string.

Therefore, strlen("123456") returns 6.

Hence the output of the program is "6".

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What will be the output of the program ? 
#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
    char p[] = "%d\n";
    p[1] = 'c';
    printf(p, 65);
    return 0;
}
A:
A
B:
a
C:
c
D:
65
Answer: A

Step 1: char p[] = "%d\n"; The variable p is declared as an array of characters and initialized with string "%d".

Step 2: p[1] = 'c'; Here, we overwrite the second element of array p by 'c'. So array p becomes "%c".

Step 3: printf(p, 65); becomes printf("%c", 65);

Therefore it prints the ASCII value of 65. The output is 'A'.

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What will be the output of the program ? 
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

int main()
{
    char str1[20] = "Hello", str2[20] = " World";
    printf("%s\n", strcpy(str2, strcat(str1, str2)));
    return 0;
}
A:
Hello
B:
World
C:
Hello World
D:
WorldHello
Answer: C

Step 1: char str1[20] = "Hello", str2[20] = " World"; The variable str1 and str2 is declared as an array of characters and initialized with value "Hello" and " World" respectively.

Step 2: printf("%s\n", strcpy(str2, strcat(str1, str2)));

=> strcat(str1, str2)) it append the string str2 to str1. The result will be stored in str1. Therefore str1 contains "Hello World".

=> strcpy(str2, "Hello World") it copies the "Hello World" to the variable str2.

Hence it prints "Hello World".

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Which of the following function is correct that finds the length of a string?
A: 
int xstrlen(char *s)
{
    int length=0;
    while(*s!='\0')
    {    length++; s++; }
    return (length);
}
B: 
int xstrlen(char s)
{
    int length=0;
    while(*s!='\0')
        length++; s++;
    return (length);
}
C: 
int xstrlen(char *s)
{
    int length=0;
    while(*s!='\0')
        length++;
    return (length);
}
D: 
int xstrlen(char *s)
{
    int length=0;
    while(*s!='\0')
        s++;
    return (length);
}
Answer: A

Option A is the correct function to find the length of given string.

Example:

#include<stdio.h>

int xstrlen(char *s)
{
    int length=0;
    while(*s!='\0')
    { length++; s++; }
    return (length);
}

int main()
{
    char d[] = "ExamAdept";
    printf("Length = %d\n", xstrlen(d));
    return 0;
}

Output: Length = 8

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Which of the following function is more appropriate for reading in a multi-word string?
A:
printf();
B:
scanf();
C:
gets();
D:
puts();
Answer: C

gets(); collects a string of characters terminated by a new line from the standard input stream stdin 

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
   char string[80];

   printf("Enter a string:");
   gets(string);
   printf("The string input was: %s\n", string);
   return 0;
}

Output:

Enter a string: ExamAdept

The string input was: ExamAdept

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