For no tension condition in the base of a short column of circular section, the line of action of the load should be within a circle of diameter equal to __________ of the main circle.

When a body is subjected to a direct tensile stress (σ) in one plane, then maximum normal stress occurs at a section inclined at __________ to the normal of the section.

The maximum shear stress developed in a beam of circular section is __________ the average shear stress.

In case of an under-reinforced beam, the depth of actual neutral axis is __________ that of the critical neutral axis.

The tensile strength of ductile materials is __________ its compressive strength.