The perpendicular distance between the centre lines of the successive rows, is called pitch.

In the below figure, the plastic range occurs

When a body is subjected to two equal and opposite forces, acting tangentially across the resisting section, as a result of which the body tends to shear off across the section, the stress and strain induced is

A section of beam is said to be in pure bending, if it is subjected to

Poisson's ratio is the ratio of linear stein to the volumetric strain.