The section modulus of a circular section about an axis through its C.G., is

The thermal stress in a bar is __________ proportional to the change in temperature.

The total strain energy stored in a body is called proof resilience.

The relation between equivalent length (L) and actual length (l) of a column for one end fixed and the other end hinged is

According to Unwin's formula, the relation between diameter of rivet hole (d) and thickness of plate (t) is given by (where d and t are in mm)