✅ Option D is correct because 'advice' is an uncountable noun, which is always treated as singular and thus correctly takes the singular verb 'was'.

❌ Option A is incorrect. 'News' is an uncountable noun that, despite ending in 's', is always singular and requires a singular verb ('is'), not 'are'.

❌ Option B is incorrect. 'Criteria' is the plural form of 'criterion', derived from Greek, and therefore requires a plural verb ('are'), not 'is'.

❌ Option C is incorrect. Although 'phenomena' is a plural noun, the actual subject of the verb is "Each," an indefinite pronoun that is always singular, thus requiring the singular verb 'was', not 'were'.

✅ "Analyses" is the correct plural form of the singular noun "analysis," which follows a Greek pluralization pattern (changing -is to -es).

The subject "Several new analyses" is plural, correctly requiring the plural past tense verb "were" for accurate subject-verb agreement.

❌ Option A uses the singular form "analysis" despite the plural quantifier "Several new," and the singular verb "was" is incorrect for a plural subject.

❌ Option C uses the incorrect non-standard plural form "analysises," which does not exist in English.

❌ Option D correctly uses the plural form "analyses," but incorrectly pairs it with the singular verb "was," violating subject-verb agreement.

✅ Option B correctly uses "means" as a plural noun, indicated by the plural verb "are" and the context of "most effective means" implying multiple methods or approaches.

❌ Option A treats "means" as a singular noun, evidenced by the singular determiner "Every available" and the singular verb "has been exhausted."

❌ Option C uses "a quick means" and the singular verb "is," clearly referring to a single method or approach, thus treating "means" as singular.

❌ Option D employs the singular verb "was insufficient," forcing "financial means" to function as a singular entity (e.g., a single budget or resource), despite its potential for plural usage.

✅ "Data" is the Latin plural form of "datum." According to traditional English grammar, "data" should be treated as a plural noun and thus requires a plural verb ("are"), making option C grammatically correct in a formal context.

❌ Option A treats "data" as a singular noun ("is"), which is a common modern usage but not traditionally considered grammatically correct for a plural noun.

❌ Option B incorrectly pairs a plural demonstrative pronoun ("These") with a singular verb ("was") for "data," creating a clear subject-verb agreement error.

❌ Option D treats "data" as a singular noun ("remains"), similar to Option A, reflecting a modern, informal usage that deviates from the traditional grammatical number of "data."

✅ The subject of the sentence is "Each," which is a singular indefinite pronoun.

✅ Even though "criteria" (the plural form of "criterion") follows "of the," the verb must agree with the singular subject "Each."

✅ Therefore, the singular verb phrase "has been thoroughly examined" correctly agrees with "Each."

❌ "Criteria" is a plural noun, meaning it requires a plural verb.

❌ The verb "was" is singular, making the agreement incorrect; it should be "were."

❌ The plural form of "criterion" is "criteria," not "criterions."

❌ This option uses an incorrectly formed plural noun, making the sentence grammatically unsound.

❌ "Criterion" is a singular noun, meaning it requires a singular verb.

❌ The verb phrase "have been established" is plural, making the agreement incorrect; it should be "has been established."