According to I.B.R., the efficiency of a double riveted butt joint with double cover straps of equal width should be

The centrifugal tension in the belt

The transverse fillet welded joints are designed for

When a helical compression spring is cut into halves, the stiffness of the resulting spring will be

When a shaft is subjected to combined twisting moment (T) and bending moment (M), then the equivalent bending moment is equal to