One of the advantages of using transformer coupling in a half-wave rectifier is that it allows the ac source to be directly connected to the load.

Dark current is a small reverse current that flows in a photodiode that is receiving no light.

The barrier potential is the small difference of potential created by positive and negative ions on either side of the depletion region.

A rectifying diode can change ac voltage to dc voltage.

The number of electrons in a stable atom is the same as the number of protons in its nucleus.