Exercise: C Preprocessor

Questions for: C Preprocessor

What will be the output of the program? 
#include<stdio.h>
#define PRINT(int) printf("int=%d, ", int);

int main()
{
    int x=2, y=3, z=4;   
    PRINT(x);
    PRINT(y);
    PRINT(z);
    return 0;
}
A:
int=2, int=3, int=4
B:
int=2, int=2, int=2
C:
int=3, int=3, int=3
D:
int=4, int=4, int=4
Answer: A

The macro PRINT(int) print("%d,", int); prints the given variable value in an integer format.

Step 1: int x=2, y=3, z=4; The variable x, y, z are declared as an integer type and initialized to 2, 3, 4 respectively.

Step 2: PRINT(x); becomes printf("int=%d,",x). Hence it prints 'int=2'.

Step 3: PRINT(y); becomes printf("int=%d,",y). Hence it prints 'int=3'.

Step 4: PRINT(z); becomes printf("int=%d,",z). Hence it prints 'int=4'.

Hence the output of the program is int=2, int=3, int=4.

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What will be the output of the program? 
#include<stdio.h>
#define CUBE(x) (x*x*x)

int main()
{
    int a, b=3;
    a = CUBE(b++);
    printf("%d, %d\n", a, b);
    return 0;
}
A:
9, 4
B:
27, 4
C:
27, 6
D:
Error
Answer: C

The macro function CUBE(x) (x*x*x) calculates the cubic value of given number(Eg: 103.)

Step 1: int a, b=3; The variable a and b are declared as an integer type and varaible b id initialized to 3.

Step 2: a = CUBE(b++); becomes

=> a = b++ * b++ * b++;

=> a = 3 * 3 * 3; Here we are using post-increement operator, so the 3 is not incremented in this statement.

=> a = 27; Here, 27 is store in the variable a. By the way, the value of variable b is incremented by 3. (ie: b=6)

Step 3: printf("%d, %d\n", a, b); It prints the value of variable a and b.

Hence the output of the program is 27, 6.

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What will be the output of the program? 
#include<stdio.h>
#define JOIN(s1, s2) printf("%s=%s %s=%s \n", #s1, s1, #s2, s2);
int main()
{
    char *str1="India";
    char *str2="BIX";
    JOIN(str1, str2);
    return 0;
}
A:
str1=ExamAdept str2=BIX
B:
str1=India str2=BIX
C:
str1=India str2=ExamAdept
D:
Error: in macro substitution
Answer: B
No answer description is available. Let's discuss.
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What will be the output of the program? 
#include<stdio.h>
#define SQR(x)(x*x)

int main()
{
    int a, b=3;
    a = SQR(b+2);
    printf("%d\n", a);
    return 0;
}
A:
25
B:
11
C:
Error
D:
Garbage value
Answer: B

The macro function SQR(x)(x*x) calculate the square of the given number 'x'. (Eg: 102)

Step 1: int a, b=3; Here the variable a, b are declared as an integer type and the variable b is initialized to 3.

Step 2: a = SQR(b+2); becomes,

=> a = b+2 * b+2; Here SQR(x) is replaced by macro to x*x .

=> a = 3+2 * 3+2;

=> a = 3 + 6 + 2;

=> a = 11;

Step 3: printf("%d\n", a); It prints the value of variable 'a'.

Hence the output of the program is 11

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What will be the output of the program? 
#include<stdio.h>
#define SQUARE(x) x*x

int main()
{
    float s=10, u=30, t=2, a;
    a = 2*(s-u*t)/SQUARE(t);
    printf("Result = %f", a);
    return 0;
}
A:
Result = -100.000000
B:
Result = -25.000000
C:
Result = 0.000000
D:
Result = 100.000000
Answer: A

The macro function SQUARE(x) x*x calculate the square of the given number 'x'. (Eg: 102)

Step 1: float s=10, u=30, t=2, a; Here the variable s, u, t, a are declared as an floating point type and the variable s, u, t are initialized to 10, 30, 2.

Step 2: a = 2*(s-u*t)/SQUARE(t); becomes,

=> a = 2 * (10 - 30 * 2) / t * t; Here SQUARE(t) is replaced by macro to t*t .

=> a = 2 * (10 - 30 * 2) / 2 * 2;

=> a = 2 * (10 - 60) / 2 * 2;

=> a = 2 * (-50) / 2 * 2 ;

=> a = 2 * (-25) * 2 ;

=> a = (-50) * 2 ;

=> a = -100;

Step 3: printf("Result=%f", a); It prints the value of variable 'a'.

Hence the output of the program is -100

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