Exercise: Basic Operations
Questions for: Simplification & BODMAS
A financial analyst is evaluating a complex formula where operations must be performed in a precise order. The expression she needs to simplify is:
Evaluate: [50 รท (1/4 of 8) - 3 ร (15 - 7)] + (2.5 ร 4 - 10)
A: 1576
B: -13
C: -27
D: 1
Answer: D
The expression is: [50 รท (1/4 of 8) - 3 ร (15 - 7)] + (2.5 ร 4 - 10)
Step 1: Solve operations within the innermost brackets.
(1/4 of 8) = (1/4) ร 8 = 2
(15 - 7) = 8
(2.5 ร 4) = 10
The expression becomes: [50 รท 2 - 3 ร 8] + (10 - 10)
Step 2: Perform division and multiplication within the main brackets.
50 รท 2 = 25
3 ร 8 = 24
10 - 10 = 0
The expression becomes: [25 - 24] + 0
Step 3: Perform subtraction within the remaining main bracket.
25 - 24 = 1
The expression becomes: 1 + 0
Step 4: Perform the final addition.
1 + 0 = 1
Why others are wrong:
A โ This option results from incorrectly prioritising division before evaluating '1/4 of 8' as a single 'of' operation within the bracket (e.g., treating it as 50 รท 1/4 ร 8).
B โ This option results from incorrectly applying multiplication before the subtraction within the (15 - 7) bracket, leading to (3 ร 15) - 7.
C โ This option involves multiple BODMAS violations, including misinterpreting 'of' and completely ignoring bracket priority for (15-7).
Evaluate: 25 - [ (12 + 8 รท 2) ร 0.5 - (3 of 10) ] + (-4)ยฒ
A: 63
B: 31
C: 19
D: 66
Answer: A
1. Start with the innermost parentheses: (8 รท 2) = 4.
The expression becomes: 25 - [ (12 + 4) ร 0.5 - (3 of 10) ] + (-4)ยฒ
2. Next, complete the addition within the parentheses: (12 + 4) = 16.
The expression becomes: 25 - [ 16 ร 0.5 - (3 of 10) ] + (-4)ยฒ
3. Perform the 'of' operation: (3 of 10) = 3 ร 10 = 30.
The expression becomes: 25 - [ 16 ร 0.5 - 30 ] + (-4)ยฒ
4. Perform the multiplication within the main bracket: 16 ร 0.5 = 8.
The expression becomes: 25 - [ 8 - 30 ] + (-4)ยฒ
5. Perform the subtraction within the main bracket: 8 - 30 = -22.
The expression becomes: 25 - [-22] + (-4)ยฒ
6. Evaluate the exponent: (-4)ยฒ = 16.
The expression becomes: 25 - [-22] + 16
7. Simplify the subtraction of a negative number: 25 - [-22] = 25 + 22 = 47.
The expression becomes: 47 + 16
8. Perform the final addition: 47 + 16 = 63.
Why others are wrong:
B โ This result (31) is obtained if (-4)ยฒ is incorrectly calculated as -16, leading to 25 + 22 - 16 = 31.
C โ This result (19) is obtained if 25 - [-22] is incorrectly calculated as 25 - 22, leading to 3 + (-4)ยฒ = 3 + 16 = 19.
D โ This result (66) is obtained if the order of operations within (12 + 8 รท 2) is done incorrectly as (12 + 8) รท 2 = 10, leading to 25 - [10 ร 0.5 - 30] + 16 = 25 - [5 - 30] + 16 = 25 - [-25] + 16 = 50 + 16 = 66.
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Evaluate: [ ( 3/4 + 1/2 of 2/3 ) รท 7/8 ] - 5/6 ร 12
A: -184/21
B: 184/21
C: -190/21
D: -188/21
Answer: A
The expression is [ ( 3/4 + 1/2 of 2/3 ) รท 7/8 ] - 5/6 ร 12.
Follow the BODMAS/PEMDAS rule: Brackets/Parentheses, Orders (of/Exponents), Division/Multiplication (left to right), Addition/Subtraction (left to right).
Step 1: Solve the "of" operation inside the inner parenthesis.
1/2 of 2/3 = 1/2 ร 2/3 = 2/6 = 1/3.
The expression becomes: [ ( 3/4 + 1/3 ) รท 7/8 ] - 5/6 ร 12.
Step 2: Solve the addition inside the inner parenthesis.
3/4 + 1/3 = (3ร3)/(4ร3) + (1ร4)/(3ร4) = 9/12 + 4/12 = 13/12.
The expression becomes: [ (13/12) รท 7/8 ] - 5/6 ร 12.
Step 3: Solve the division inside the square brackets.
13/12 รท 7/8 = 13/12 ร 8/7 = (13 ร 8) / (12 ร 7).
Simplify by dividing 8 and 12 by their common factor 4:
(13 ร 2) / (3 ร 7) = 26/21.
The expression becomes: 26/21 - 5/6 ร 12.
Step 4: Solve the multiplication.
5/6 ร 12 = 5 ร (12/6) = 5 ร 2 = 10.
The expression becomes: 26/21 - 10.
Step 5: Solve the final subtraction.
26/21 - 10 = 26/21 - 210/21 = (26 - 210) / 21 = -184/21.
Why others are wrong:
B โ This result (184/21) would be obtained if the final subtraction was done in reverse (10 - 26/21) or if a sign error occurred.
C โ This result (-190/21) would be obtained if the order of operations within the inner parenthesis was incorrectly evaluated as (3/4 + 1/2) first, then 'of' 2/3.
D โ This result (-188/21) would be obtained if there was an arithmetic error in calculating '1/2 of 2/3' as 1/6 instead of 1/3.
Discuss About this Question.
Evaluate: 25% of [ (1.2 + 0.8) ร { (3/5) รท (2/15) - 4 } ] + 10
A: 8.04
B: 35
C: 10.25
D: 10.12
Answer: C
1. Evaluate the innermost parenthesis: (1.2 + 0.8) = 2
2. Evaluate the fraction division within the curly braces: (3/5) รท (2/15) = (3/5) ร (15/2) = 45/10 = 4.5
3. Evaluate the expression inside the curly braces: {4.5 - 4} = 0.5
4. Evaluate the expression inside the square brackets: [2 ร 0.5] = 1
5. Calculate 25% of the result from step 4: 25% of 1 = 0.25 ร 1 = 0.25
6. Perform the final addition: 0.25 + 10 = 10.25
Why others are wrong:
A โ This result occurs if (3/5) รท (2/15) is incorrectly calculated as (3/5) ร (2/15) = 6/75 = 0.08, leading to 25% of [2 ร {0.08 - 4}] + 10 = 25% of [2 ร -3.92] + 10 = 25% of [-7.84] + 10 = -1.96 + 10 = 8.04.
B โ This result occurs if '25%' is treated as the number '25' directly, leading to 25 ร [ (1.2 + 0.8) ร { (3/5) รท (2/15) - 4 } ] + 10 = 25 ร [2 ร {4.5 - 4}] + 10 = 25 ร [2 ร 0.5] + 10 = 25 ร 1 + 10 = 35.
D โ This result occurs if (1.2 + 0.8) is incorrectly calculated as (1.2 ร 0.8) = 0.96, leading to 25% of [0.96 ร {4.5 - 4}] + 10 = 25% of [0.96 ร 0.5] + 10 = 25% of [0.48] + 10 = 0.12 + 10 = 10.12.
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Evaluate: [ (3/4 + 1/2) of 16 ] รท [ (5/6 - 1/3) ร 12 ] - 5
A: -5/3
B: 5/2
C: 10/3
D: 20
Answer: A
Step 1: Solve the operations within the innermost parentheses/brackets.
(3/4 + 1/2) = (3/4 + 2/4) = 5/4
(5/6 - 1/3) = (5/6 - 2/6) = 3/6 = 1/2
Step 2: Apply the 'of' operation (which implies multiplication with higher precedence than standard multiplication/division).
5/4 of 16 = (5/4) ร 16 = 5 ร 4 = 20
Step 3: Perform the multiplication in the second bracket.
(1/2) ร 12 = 6
Step 4: Substitute these results back into the expression.
The expression becomes: 20 รท 6 - 5
Step 5: Perform the division.
20 รท 6 = 20/6 = 10/3
Step 6: Perform the subtraction.
10/3 - 5 = 10/3 - 15/3 = -5/3
Why others are wrong:
A โ Correct answer derived by following the BODMAS/PEMDAS order of operations correctly.
B โ This could result from an incorrect calculation of the division (e.g., if (20-5)รท6 was done or a sign error with 5/3).
C โ This value (10/3) is the result of 20 รท 6, indicating that the final subtraction of 5 was omitted.
D โ This result (20) would be obtained if the subtraction (6-5) was incorrectly performed before division, i.e., 20 รท (6-5) = 20 รท 1 = 20.
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