Time rate of change in heat energy is analogous to

The log magnitude curve of factor jω is a straight line having a slope of 20 dB/decade.

In force voltage analogy the quantity analogous to spring constant K is

For a second order system ω_n is natural frequency, ω_d is frequency of damped oscillations and ζ is damping factor. Then

Assertion (A): The transient performance of a control system is generally analysed by using unit step function as reference input.

Reason (R): Impulse is the most common input found in practice.